- Hex ⇄ Bytes
- Hex → Bytes:
bytes.fromhex(hex_str)
- Bytes → Hex:
b.hex()
- Base64
- Encode:
base64.b64encode(data)
- Decode:
base64.b64decode(b64_str)
- Encode to string:
base64.b64encode(data).decode()
- ASCII / Bytes / String
- int → char:
chr(n)
- char → int:
ord(c)
- bytes → string:
b.decode()
- string → bytes:
s.encode()
- XOR (pure Python)
- two byte strings:
bytes([a ^ b for a, b in zip(b1, b2)])
- single-byte key:
bytes([x ^ k for x in data])
- XOR (pwntools)
- import:
from pwn import xor
xor(b1, b2)xor(data, key)
- Bytes ⇄ Integer (PyCryptodome)
- import:
from Crypto.Util.number import bytes_to_long, long_to_bytes
- bytes → int:
bytes_to_long(b)
- int → bytes:
long_to_bytes(n)
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